Who do you believe? DNA testing or Pedigree?

DNA testing says a higher amount of inbreeding

12 generation pedigree analysis says a lower amount of inbreeding.

Pedigree COI = Coefficient of Inbreeding. This is a mathematical prediction of inbreeding based on how dogs are related in a family tree.

DNA COI measures actual  runs of homozygosity across the entire genome. It captures historical bottlenecks, popular sire effects, and compounded inbreeding that pedigrees simply cannot see. This is why dogs with low pedigree COIs can still test at 25–35% genetically inbred.

Pedigrees tell you who the ancestors are supposed to be. DNA tells you what was actually inherited. When it comes to genetic diversity, health, and long-term breed sustainability, DNA tested levels of inbreeding are the only number that reflects reality.

Multiple scientific studies have evaluated Golden Retrievers and many breed’s DNA tested COI. In addition, studies have also analyzed pedigree vs genetic COI. Those results agree with Embark’s COI results. The studies also agree with other companies DNA testing of Heterozygosity.

Three legitimate DNA testing companies are Wisdom Panel’s Optimal Selection, Feragen and Laboklin. All three databases  show how inbred vs outbred a dog is.

To see some of these scientific studies, please visit “Learn More” here on our Red-Dawn Goldens web site.